Gallstone formation in the gallbladder can develop due to various reasons. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the formation of gallstones. In other words, gallstones are more commonly seen in obese individuals. After obesity surgery, the frequency of gallstone formation increases with weight loss. The risk of developing gallstones after obesity surgery is approximately 15-20%.

In a meta-analysis study involving more than 20,000 patients, the main risk factors for gallstone formation after obesity surgery were identified as gender and race. Gallstones are more frequently seen in women and Caucasians following obesity surgery. Contrary to popular belief, the type of surgery, body mass index (BMI), weight loss rate, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking are not considered risk factors.

The main reasons for gallstone formation are an increase in cholesterol concentration in the bile and gallbladder dysfunction. An increase in cholesterol concentration leads to the formation of bile crystals over time. These crystals gradually cluster and form gallstones of various sizes.

There may be two main reasons for the increased frequency of gallstone formation after obesity surgery. During the weight loss process, fat breakdown accelerates. The breakdown of fats raises cholesterol levels in the blood, which in turn increases the cholesterol concentration in the bile. The other reason is impaired gallbladder contraction ability due to hormonal changes.

For a patient scheduled for obesity surgery, it is recommended to perform gallbladder surgery simultaneously if gallstones are detected before the operation. During the first year after surgery, when the rate of weight loss is at its peak, abdominal ultrasound examinations are advised at the 6th and 12th months.

In patients who develop gallstones after obesity surgery, cholecystectomy is recommended, taking into account the clinical condition of the patient.